“The Earth has enough resources to | Class 10 Social Science - Understanding Economic Development Chapter Development, Development NCERT Solutions

Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking
than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should
not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI
is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various
states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.

(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.

For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and
which is at the bottom.

What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of
these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000
and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000

Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above

Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with
your own examples related to development.

List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed
around you.

Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Critically examine the progress of the consumer movement in India?

Analyse the role of credit for development.

“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian
economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

How does money solve the problem of double coincidence of wants? Explain with example of your own.

Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government
has taken them up.

How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?

The following tables gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:

i. Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 and 2000.

ii. Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.

iii. What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?

A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000
worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?

Fill in the blanks:

1. Majority of the credit needs of the __________households are met from informal sources.
2. __________costs of borrowing increase the debt-burden.
3. __________issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government.
4. Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on __________.
5. _________is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee until the loan is repaid to the lender.

Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions
of private and public sectors.

Manav needs a loan to set up a small business. On what basis will Manav decide whether to borrow from the bank or the moneylender? Discuss.

In India, about 80 percent of farmers are small farmers, who need cultivation.
(a) Why might banks be unwilling to lend to small farmers?            (b) What are the other sources from which the small farmers can borrow?                                                                                            (c) Explain with an example of how the terms of credit can be unfavorable for the small farmer.
(d) Suggest some ways by which small farmers can get cheap credit.

A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?

Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:

(i) Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
(ii) Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary agricultural)                                                                                                         (iii) Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)
(iv) A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
(v) Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. (natural / manufactured)
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _________. (independent / interdependent)

What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor? Explain in your own words.

Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.