India, the largest democracy in the world is one of the biggest political nations in the world, with emphasis laid on the constitutionally republic, secularism style of governing. Indian Politics works within a framework that has been popular in countries like the UK, where the country is ruled in Parliamentary style, with the President serving head of the state and the Prime Minister as the head of the government. With a multi-party system and federal form of government, both centre and state are vested with a variety of powers and responsibilities. Some of the salient features of Indian Politics are mentioned below-
- Indian National Congress, which was initially formed in the 19th century, continues to be the most favoured party, achieving victory in most numbers of elections at state and central level, having ruled the country for 51 years. Enjoying a parliamentary majority, the party is known for its legacy and family oriented leadership that includes charismatic leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, his daughter Indira Gandhi, her son Rajiv Gandhi, his wife Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul Gandhi.
- Owing to the multi-party system, the country has witnessed coalition governments since 1996, with formation of alliances between major political parties that gave birth to coalitions like United Front in 1996, National Democratic Alliance in 1998 and United Progressive alliance from 2004 onwards.
- To ensure adequate development of small villages and districts, the Panchayati Raj system has been administrated where small local governments are responsible for administrative and judicial functions.
- Laws in India are formed after receiving a nod from the parliament, which includes Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. This system was initially created to avoid power struggles and abuse of power.
- Although democracy was suspended only once, Indian Politics is generally referred as chaotic, as over a fifth of parliament members face criminal charges including those of murders, loot, kidnap and arson.
- Currently, Indian Politics suffer from several issues including those of corruption, poverty, development, terrorism, religion induced violence and naxalism.
