Welcome to SaralStudy’s Weekly Current Affairs roundup for the week of 24th February to 2nd March. This week witnessed several noteworthy events shaping the political, economic, and scientific landscapes globally and nationally. From major government announcements and international developments to achievements in sports, technology, and culture, we’ve compiled all the essential updates to help you stay informed.
Weekly Current Affairs – 24 Feb to 2 March
Whether you’re preparing for competitive exams or just want to stay updated with the latest happenings, this comprehensive summary has got you covered. Dive in and keep yourself ahead with the key highlights of this week!
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1. NCISM
The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) was formed by the Government of India in 2020. This commission is an important step for the development and improvement of the Indian system of medicine. The objective of NCISM is to promote quality and affordable medical education, and ensure the availability of professionals of the Indian system of medicine in all parts of the country.
Importance of National Commission
NCISM has been formed to bring the Indian system of medicine into a strong framework. This commission not only seeks to improve the level of medical education, but also ensures that high-quality medical services are available to all citizens.
Affordable Medical Education: One of the major objectives of NCISM is to promote affordable and quality medical education, allowing more and more people to enter the medical field.
Availability of Professionals: The commission ensures that professionals of the Indian system of medicine are available in all areas, so that people can get better health services.
Structure of the National Commission
NCISM consists of 29 members, who are appointed by the Central Government.
Appointment of Members: A search committee recommends names for the chairperson, part-time members and chairpersons of the four autonomous boards. This process ensures that the commission comprises qualified and experienced people.
Autonomous Boards: Four autonomous boards have been set up under NCISM, which handle various functions and help in fulfilling the objectives of the commission.
Functions of the National Commission
The functions of the NCISM include the following:
Formulation of policies: The commission formulates policies for medical institutions and medical professionals to ensure that the Indian medical system is governed according to a standard.
Assessment of needs: The commission assesses the requirements of health-related human resources and infrastructure to ensure that adequate services are available in all areas.
Ensuring compliance: NCISM ensures that the state medical councils comply with the regulations, which are made under the Act.
Coordination among autonomous boards: The commission ensures coordination among the autonomous boards, so that all the work can be done in an integrated manner.
Related Information
Information about other commissions and organizations is also important for the development of Indian medical system. Such as:
Ministry of AYUSH: This ministry is responsible for the development and promotion of Indian medical system.
Other Health Commissions: Such as National Medical Commission (NMC) and other regional commissions.
Thus, the formation of NCISM provides a new direction for the Indian medical system. This commission not only meets the requirements at present but also lays a strong foundation for improving the health sector in the future.
FAQs Related to National Commission
Q1: NCISM is under which ministry?
Ans: NCISM comes under the Ministry of AYUSH, India.
Q2: Who is the father of Indian system of medicine?
Ans: Acharya Charaka is considered to be the father of Indian system of medicine.
Q3: When was NCISM formed?
Ans: NCISM was formed by the Indian government in 2020.
Conclusion
The formation of the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine is an important step, which is necessary for improving the health sector. This commission not only strives to improve medical education but also ensures that high quality medical services are available to all citizens.
The structure and functioning of NCISM makes it an effective institution, which can play an important role in the development of the Indian system of medicine. Through this, the number of medical professionals in India will increase and the quality of health services will improve.
It is hoped that NCISM will successfully fulfill its objectives and take the Indian medical system to a new height.
2. WAVES 2025
The combination of Extended Reality (XR) and WAVES 2025 is opening the door to new possibilities in the media and entertainment industry. XR technology, which includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), has revolutionized the sector. WAVES 2025 an initiative of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India provides an important platform to promote the development and use of this technology.
What is Extended Reality (XR) ?
Extended Reality (XR) is an overall term that refers to various immersive technologies that combine the physical and virtual worlds . XR includes three major components :
Virtual Reality (VR) : This technology transports users to a completely virtual environment where they can experience a new world .
Augmented Reality (AR) : AR technology adds virtual elements to the real world allowing users to view digital information in the world around them .
Mixed Reality (MR): MR technology brings real and virtual objects together, allowing them to interact with each other .
Augmented Reality (AR)
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that overlays virtual information and objects on the real world .
Functionality: AR allows users to see digital details such as images, text, and animations in the real world.
Use Cases: Through AR glasses, smartphones, and tablets, users can see virtual elements in the world around them. For example, games like Pokémon GO have used AR technology to let users experience virtual characters in the real world.
Virtual Reality (VR)
Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that transports users into a completely virtual environment.
User Experience: In VR, users wear a VR headset, which gives them 360-degree visibility. This allows them to be completely immersed in the virtual world, such as walking on the moon or swimming under the ocean.
Examples: VR technology is being used in gaming, education, and medical training, giving users a unique experience.
Mixed Reality (MR)
Mixed Reality (MR) is a new technology that brings real and virtual objects together.
Features: In MR, digital and real objects exist simultaneously and can interact with each other in real-time.
Headset Requirement: The MR experience requires special MR headsets, which demand more processing power than VR or AR.
What is WAVES 2025?
WAVES 2025 is a significant initiative that seeks to establish India as a leader in content creation, tech integration, and creative industry development globally.
Aim: WAVES 2025 aims to promote innovation and collaboration in the media and entertainment industry. It is a platform where ideas are exchanged and new ideas get an opportunity to develop.
Significance: It will help India gain a leading position in XR and VR technologies globally, thereby boosting the country’s creativity and technological capability.
Related Information
Other Technological Innovations and Their Impacts: Apart from XR, other technological innovations such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are also playing a vital role in the media and entertainment industry. These technologies are helping in improving data analysis, content creation, and user experience.
Latest news and updates related to XR and WAVES 2025: Check the respective websites and newspapers to get the latest information about the events and workshops organised under WAVES 2025. This information will keep you up-to-date about the development and use of XR technology.
Thus, this combination of XR and WAVES 2025 not only promotes technological innovation but it also seeks to give India a prominent position at the global level.
FAQs Related to Extended Reality
Que. What are the three types of XR?
Ans. XR includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). All these technologies erase the boundaries between the physical and virtual worlds.
Que. What are the key features of Extended Reality?
Ans. The key features of XR are immersive experiences, interactivity, and the incorporation of virtual elements with reality. These features provide users with a unique and engaging experience.
Que. What is the Metaverse?
Ans. The Metaverse is a shared virtual space, where users can interact in different virtual environments. It is an extended form of XR technologies, which integrates social, economic, and cultural activities.
3. ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’ movement
The ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’ movement, which was started by Sardar Ajit Singh in 1907, is an important chapter in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement was the first major voice of farmers against British rule, which not only took a significant step to protect the rights of farmers but also helped lay the foundation for the Indian freedom struggle.
The Movement Started
The ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’ movement began in 1907 when Ajit Singh united farmers against the three agricultural laws enacted by the British government.
Agricultural Laws : These laws were
Punjab Land Encroachment Act, 1900: This Act made it difficult for farmers to sell or mortgage their land.
Punjab Land Encroachment Act, 1906: This Act gave the British government control over land ownership in the newly developed Chenab Colony (now in Pakistan) .
Doab Bari Act, 1907: This act abolished the ownership rights of farmers making them contract workers .
Importance of the Movement
‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’ means “Farmer take care of your turban”, which reflects self-respect and dignity.
Significance of the Slogan: The slogan of this movement “Pagdi Sambhal Jatta” was coined by Banke Dayal, a nationalist poet, and it became a symbol of resistance.
Condition of Farmers: The British government increased taxes on agricultural land and water for irrigation, increasing the financial burden on farmers. Many small farmers and labourers were plunged into debt and forced to lose their land.
Impact of the Movement
The ‘Pagdi Sambhal Jatta’ movement laid the foundation for future resistance in Punjab.
Mass Movement: This movement led to mass protests and civil disobedience. The British government was forced to withdraw some of the repressive sections.
Source of inspiration: This movement became a source of inspiration for future movements, such as the Gadar movement and Bhagat Singh’s revolutionary activities.
Key personalities
Ajit Singh and Kishan Singh (Bhagat Singh’s father) founded the ‘Bharat Mata Samaj’, a revolutionary group for farmers.
Support: Lala Lajpat Rai and other leaders also supported this movement, making it even stronger.
‘Pagri Sambhal Diwas’
From 2021, February 23 is celebrated as ‘Pagri Sambhal Diwas’.
Fellowship of farmers: On this day farmers celebrate the birth anniversary of Ajit Singh and remember his contributions.
Current movement: Currently, farmers are protesting at the borders of Punjab and Haryana, in which they are demanding Minimum Support Price (MSP) as a legal guarantee.
Echo of the movement today
The echo of the ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement is heard even today, when farmers are fighting for their rights.
Current perspective: In today’s farmers’ movement, farmers are demanding a legal guarantee of Minimum Support Price (MSP). This demand is a continuation of the historic struggle that started in 1907.
Social unity: This movement is not only to protect the rights of farmers, but it is also a symbol of social unity and collective struggle.
Related information
Revisiting history: Understanding the history of the ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement not only helps us to know our past, but it also helps us to understand the struggles of farmers in the present.
Thus, the ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement has not only gained importance as a historical event but it continues to be a source of inspiration for the farmers’ struggle and protection of their rights even today.
FAQs related to ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement
Q1: What is the ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement?
Ans: The ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’ movement was a revolt of farmers against British policies in 1907.
Q2: Who started the Bharat Mata magazine?
Ans: Sardar Ajit Singh started the ‘Bharat Mata’ magazine.
Q3: Who wrote the famous song of ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’?
Ans: Banke Dayal wrote the famous song of ‘Pagri Sambhal Jatta’.
4. Palk Strait
Recently, the Sri Lankan Navy has arrested 32 fishermen on charges of poaching along the Palk Straits, who belong to the Rameswaram area of Tamil Nadu. The incident took place when the fishermen were engaged in their traditional fishing. This arrest has caused concern and resentment in the fishermen community, due to which fishermen associations have announced an indefinite strike.
About Palk Strait
The Palk Strait is an important waterway of the Bay of Bengal located between southeastern India and northern Sri Lanka. This strait is not only geographically important for the Indian subcontinent but it is also historically and culturally important.
Geographical Location
The boundaries of the Palk Strait are as follows :
To the south: Pamban Island (India)
To the north: Mannar Island (Sri Lanka)
To the west: Rama’s Bridge, which lies as a chain
To the east: Gulf of Mannar
The strait is approximately 40 to 85 miles wide and 85 miles long, with a depth of less than 100 metres (330 ft).
Naming of the Strait
The Palk Strait is named after Robert Palk, who was the Governor of the Madras Presidency during (1755–1763).
Importance of the Strait
Economic Importance:
- The Palk Strait is an important route for fishing and maritime trade.
- The region is a rich fishing ground for fishermen, contributing to the local economy.
Environmental Importance:
- The strait has many islands and coral reefs, which are important for marine life.
- The region is home to many migratory birds and seabirds.
Cultural Importance:
The Palk Strait also has historical and religious significance.
According to Ramayana, the region is famous for the Ram Setu (Adam’s Bridge), which connects Rameswaram Island to Sri Lanka.
Questions Related to Palk Strait
Question 1: How does the Palk Strait separate India and Sri Lanka?
Answer: The Palk Strait separates India from Sri Lanka.
Question 2: Where is Ram Setu?
Answer: Ram Setu (Adam’s Bridge) is a chain that connects Rameswaram Island (India) to Mannar Island (Sri Lanka).
Question 3: Which two seas are connected by the Palk Strait?
Answer: This strait connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast and the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest.
6. Zagros Mountains
Iraq’s steep region around the Zagros Mountains is being drawn into the planet.
About Zagros Mountains
- It is one of Central Asia’s largest mountain ranges.
- Formation of Zagros Mountains: Scientists estimate that these mountains were formed due to the sliding of the Arabian Plate under the Eurasian Plate, which occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene eras.
- Historically, the Zagros Mountains have served as a natural barrier between many cultures and empires of the ancient and modern world.
- It stretches in a northwest to southeast direction over a distance of 1,500 kilometers, starting from the border areas of eastern Turkey and northern Iraq and ending at the Strait of Hormuz in the southern part of Iran.
- Highest Peak: Mount Dena, with an elevation of 14,465 feet, is the highest peak in the Zagros Mountain system.
- The most common geological structural materials in the Zagros Mountains are limestone and shale rocks of the Mesozoic Era and the Paleogene Period.
- Climate: The region has a semi-arid temperate climate, with severe drops in temperature during the harsh winters, while the summers are extremely dry.
- Vegetation: It consists of dense vegetation of temperate broadleaf forests and grasslands dominated by oak and pistachio trees.
Sinking Process
To understand the sinking process of Iraq around Zagros mountains, we must first know the theory of plate tectonics. This theory states that the surface of the Earth is divided into several plates, which are constantly in motion. In Iraq, a complex interaction is taking place between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate, resulting in sinking of the Earth.
Effect of Plate Tectonics
Arabian Plate: This plate is shifting northeast and subducting beneath the Eurasian plate.
Eurasian Plate: This plate is stable, but the structure beneath it is being affected due to the pressure of the Arabian plate.
Oceanic slab: An oceanic slab is slowly sliding down in the region of northern Iraq, causing the earth to sink.
Geological changes in Iraq
The geological changes taking place in Iraq are not only causing the earth to sink, but are also affecting the climate and ecology of the region.
Climate change
Heat and drought: Iraq is experiencing extreme heat and drought in summer, which is affecting agriculture and water resources.
Reduction in snowfall: Snowfall in mountainous areas is decreasing, causing a decrease in water sources.
Effects on ecology
Loss of vegetation: Climate change is causing a decrease in vegetation, which is threatening biodiversity.
Water shortage: Agriculture and animal husbandry are being negatively affected due to the decrease in water sources.
Possibility of earthquake in Iraq
Due to the geological changes taking place in Iraq, the possibility of earthquake is also increasing. Scientists believe that this process can cause major earthquakes in the future.
Help in predicting earthquakes
Geological studies: Geological studies done by scientists can help in predicting earthquakes.
Accurate modeling: Creating new geological models will help in understanding earthquake activities.
Possible solutions for Iraq
Some of the possible solutions to reduce the effects of land sinking and geological changes in Iraq are:
Water management
Water conservation: New technologies should be used to conserve water resources.
Rainwater harvesting: Measures should be taken to store rainwater.
Improvement in agriculture
Use of drought tolerant crops: Using drought tolerant crops can increase agricultural production.
Smart agricultural techniques: Better management of water and resources can be done by using smart agricultural techniques.
Earthquake safety measures
Earthquake resistant construction: New standards should be adopted to make buildings and structures earthquake resistant.
Public awareness: Public education programs should be run to increase awareness about earthquakes.
7. Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland water body, is facing a serious crisis. According to recent studies, it has lost about 31,000 square kilometers of water area since 2005. This is due to climate change, climate change impacts, and human activities. This crisis is not only affecting the ecology of the region, but it is also affecting the economy and lifestyle of the surrounding countries. The problem of the Caspian Sea’s declining water level is attracting global attention, and concrete steps are required to solve it.
About Caspian Sea Geography
The Caspian Sea, considered the world’s largest inland reservoir, is located between Asia and Europe. This huge reservoir is surrounded by land on all sides and has an area of about 386,400 square kilometers. Its length is about 1,200 kilometers and width 320 kilometers.
Naming of the Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is named after the ancient Caspi tribes, who once inhabited the west of Transcaucasia. This name reflects the historical and cultural heritage of this region.
Geography and boundaries
The Caspian Sea is an inland reservoir, which means that it has no external outlet. It touches the borders of several countries:
- In the west: Russia and Azerbaijan
- In the north and east: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
- In the south: Iran
Water characteristics
The water of the Caspian Sea comes with a variety of characteristics. In its northern parts, the water is almost fresh, while towards the south it is more saline. Currently, the average salinity of the Caspian Sea is about one-third of the salinity of the oceans.
Major Rivers
Three major rivers flow into the Caspian Sea:
- Volga River
- Ural River
- Terek River
These rivers drain water from the north into the Caspian Sea.
Major Cities
Several important cities are located along the Caspian Sea. The largest of these cities is:
Baku: The capital of Azerbaijan and the largest city on the Caspian Sea.
Nowshahr in Iran is also an important city located along the Caspian Sea.
Number of Islands
The Caspian Sea has about 50 islands, most of which are small. Some of the major islands are:
- Chechen
- Tyuleny
- Morskoye
- Kulaly
- Zhiloy
- Ogurchin
Energy Resources
The Caspian Sea is also known for its abundance of energy resources. It has vast reserves of oil and natural gas, which are found in areas located on the seafloor and along the coast. The region is important for energy production and plays an important role in the global energy market.
Source of Caviar
The Caspian Sea is the source of most of the world’s caviar. The sturgeon fish here, from which caviar is obtained, play an important role in the ecology and economy of the region.
FAQs Related to the Caspian Sea
Question 1: Which countries are bordered by the Caspian Sea?
Answer: Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran are bordered by the Caspian Sea.
Question 2: Where is the Caspian Sea located?
Answer: The Caspian Sea is located between Asia and Europe.
Question 3: Which is the largest lake in the world?
Answer: The largest lake in the world by surface area is the Caspian Sea.
8. Spice Board
The Spice Board has started the work of bringing more regulations for the spice industry in collaboration with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and other regulatory agencies. This information was shared by Spice Board Secretary P. Hema Latha at the International Spices Conference.
Introduction to Spice Board
- The Spice Board is a statutory body, established on 26 February 1987 under the Spices Board Act 1986.
- The Ministry of Commerce and Industry supervises five commodities boards, including this one.
- Its main functions are to develop small and large cardamom, promote the export of spices and do quality control.
Quality control measures
The Spice Board has implemented stringent quality control measures such as mandatory ethylene oxide (ETO) testing for EU exports.
This has been done to enhance food safety and compliance.
India’s position in the global spice trade
- India is a major player in the global spice trade, currently holding a 25% market share.
- Presently, the nation exports 225 spice products to more than 180 nations.
Research and development
- The Spices Board undertakes research activities on cardamom under the Indian Cardamom Research Institute.
- To increase the production of value-added spices, it is making investments in post-harvest facilities, processing facilities and research and development centers.
Climate change and sustainable agricultural practices
- The Spices Board considers climate change a significant challenge and is working to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices.
- Through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and capacity building programs, the Board is enhancing the resilience of farmers.
Technological innovation
- The Indian spice industry is active in adopting IoT, blockchain and robotics.
- These technological advancements are helping to enhance transparency, traceability and efficiency of operations.
Economic Statistics
- The Indian spices industry was valued at $24 billion last year and is growing at a CAGR of 10.56%.
- The export figure was $4.4 billion in 2020, which is expected to grow to $10 billion by 2030 and $25 billion by 2047.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1. Where is the headquarters of the Spices Board?
Ans. Kochi, Kerala.
Q2. Which state is called the land of spices?
Ans. Kerala is called the land of spices.
Q3. Which is the king of spices?
Ans. Black pepper is considered the ‘king of spices’.
Conclusion
The recent initiatives of the Spices Board have directly benefited 1,700 farmers and 200 value chain actors.
The industry leaders at the conference appealed to unite to build a sustainable and high-quality spices industry.
9. Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR)
Post-monsoon wildlife census has been started recently in Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) of Tamil Nadu. This census is done every year and this time it has been started after special training. The purpose of this census is to keep a record of the number and species of wildlife in the area, which plays an important role in the conservation of biodiversity.
Introduction to Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
The Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve is located in the Southern Western Ghats and is one of the 18 hotspots of biodiversity. This reserve consists of three main sanctuaries: Kalakkad Sanctuary, Mundanthurai Sanctuary, and a part of Kanyakumari Sanctuary. The area is not only important for wildlife, but it is also helpful in maintaining environmental balance.
Geography of the Reserve
Geography: The area is rugged, with many valleys and porous rocks.
Rivers: It is also known as the “River Sanctuary” as it is home to 14 rivers.
Flora and Fauna
The diversity of flora and fauna of Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve makes it a unique ecosystem.
Flora
Vegetation diversity: The vegetation ranges from thorn scrub forests to lush evergreen forests.
Other types: It also includes savanna woodland and grasslands, as well as tea and coffee plantations.
Fauna
Key fauna: The reserve is home to tigers, leopards, grey spotted cats, sloth bears, elephants, gaurs, sambar, and other species.
Biodiversity: The area is important for biodiversity and is home to many endangered species.
Census process
This year’s census involved over 100 trained forest personnel and volunteers divided into 21 groups. Special mobile apps will be used for the census, which will facilitate data collection and analysis.
Steps of Census
Training: All the participants have been given special training.
Data Collection: Data will be collected based on feces, footprints and direct sightings to keep a record of the number and species of wildlife.
Objectives of the Census
The main objective of this census is to keep a record of the number and species of wildlife. This data will be important for the status and conservation of wildlife.
Key Points of Objective
Conservation: To promote the protection and conservation of wildlife.
Biodiversity: To help maintain biodiversity.
Data Collection and Analysis
The feces collected during the census will be analyzed. This data will be important for the status and conservation of wildlife.
Data Analysis – Process of Analysis: The collected data will be used to understand the wildlife population and their behavior.
Conservation Strategies: Based on this data, new strategies will be developed for conservation, which will ensure the protection of wildlife.
Future Direction
Conservation Efforts: Based on the results of the census, conservation efforts will be made more effective in the future.
Community Participation: Local communities will also be involved in the process, so that they can understand the importance of conservation and actively participate in it.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: In which district is Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve located?
Ans: It is in Tirunelveli district.
Q2: Which river flows through Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve?
Ans: The Sarvalar River is a tributary of the Thamirabarani River.
Q3: What is evergreen forest?
Ans: Evergreen forest is the forest in which the trees retain their leaves throughout the year.
Conclusion
The aim of the post-monsoon wildlife census in Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve is to promote the protection and conservation of wildlife. This effort will be helpful in maintaining biodiversity and help in keeping the ecosystem of the region balanced.
10. Bhitarkanika National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park, located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha, is famous for its unique ecosystem and biodiversity. Recently, there has been a departure of migratory birds due to the increase in temperature here. This phenomenon is not only affecting the local ecosystem, but it is also affecting the livelihood of the local communities.
Introduction to Bhitarkanika National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park is a complex network consisting of rivers, canals, and waterways. The area is spread over a vast area of 672 square kilometers and is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India. The biodiversity here makes it an important ecosystem.
Location and Features
Location: It is located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha.
Water Source: Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, and Patsala rivers flow here.
Biodiversity: The area is one of the 18 hotspots of biodiversity and has the status of Ramsar site.
Ecosystem
The ecosystem of Bhitarkanika is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. The soil here is rich in salt water, making it suitable for tropical and sub-tropical species.
Flora
Major Species: Mangrove species, Casuarina, and other grasses are found here.
Ecosystem: The area is a unique mix of rivers, waterways, and mangrove forests.
Fauna
Endangered Species: Bhitarkanika has the largest population of salt water crocodiles.
Other Fauna: Jackals, wild boars, chital, sambar, and several species of migratory birds are found here.
Departure of Migratory Birds
Recently, the increase in temperature in Bhitarkanika is leading to the departure of migratory birds. This phenomenon can have a serious impact on the local ecosystem.
Rise in Temperature
Climate Change: Climate change is causing an increase in temperature, which is affecting the migration of migratory birds.
Number of migratory birds: The number of migratory birds is decreasing due to increasing temperatures.
Impact
Impact on ecosystem: The departure of migratory birds can affect the food chain and ecosystem.
Local community: The lack of migratory birds can affect the livelihood of local communities, especially those who depend on birds.
Impact on local community
The departure of migratory birds in Bhitarkanika has become a cause of concern for local communities.
Economy
Tourism: The lack of migratory birds can harm the tourism industry, as tourists come here to see the birds.
Local livelihood: Many local people earn their livelihood through birds, and their lack can affect their economic condition.
Conservation measures
Several measures are being taken to conserve migratory birds.
Government initiatives
Conservation programmes: The government has initiated various programmes for the conservation of migratory birds, which includes protection and preservation of their habitat.
Rules and regulations: Strict rules and regulations have been made to protect the birds, so that their migration can be made safe.
Local awareness
Education and awareness: Local communities are being made aware about the importance of migratory birds and the measures to protect them.
Workshops: Various workshops are being organized, in which local people are being informed about the ways to protect the birds.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Which rivers flow in Bhitarkanika?
Ans: Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, and Patsala rivers.
Q2: Why is Bhitarkanika National Park famous?
Ans: It is famous for its mangrove forests, estuarine ecosystem, and rich biodiversity.
Q3: Is Bhitarkanika a Ramsar site?
Ans: Yes, Bhitarkanika National Park is a Ramsar site.
Conclusion
The departure of migratory birds in Bhitarkanika National Park is a serious concern. It is necessary to understand the increase in temperature and its effects, so that we can protect this unique ecosystem. With the cooperation of local communities and the government, we can take concrete steps to protect migratory birds.
Conservation of Bhitarkanika will not only help in maintaining the biodiversity here, but will also secure the livelihood of the local communities. It is necessary that we all come together to protect this unique ecosystem and keep it safe for future generations.
11. Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED)
Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) is an organization under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. Its main objective is to bring about socio-economic development of tribal communities, especially through marketing development of tribal products. TRIFED was formed in 1987 and is a national level cooperative body that conducts various initiatives and programmes for tribal communities.
Formation of TRIFED
Establishment: TRIFED was established in August 1987 under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984. Its objective was to provide a platform for tribal communities where they can market their products and improve their economic condition.
Objective: The main objective of TRIFED is to bring about socio-economic development of tribal communities through marketing development of tribal products. The organization conducts various programmes and initiatives for tribal communities so that they can market their products in a better way.
Mandate of TRIFED
Socio-economic Development: TRIFED’s mandate is to promote socio-economic development of the tribal communities of the country. The organization strives to improve their economic condition by institutionalizing the trade of tribal products.
Objectives:
Development of socio-economic well-being of tribal community: The main objective of TRIFED is to promote the well-being of tribal communities.
Acting as a facilitator and service provider: The organization acts as a facilitator and service provider in enhancing production for tribal communities.
Training of artistic skills with modern technology: TRIFED provides training to tribal communities to enhance artistic skills with modern technology, so that they can meet the requirements of the global market.
Promotion of tribal arts and crafts for sustainable livelihood: TRIFED provides sustainable livelihood opportunities by promoting tribal arts and crafts.
Identification of target groups: The organization identifies target groups and monitors their activities, so that necessary inputs can be provided to the Ministry.
Capacity Building Approach
TRIFED’s approach focuses on capacity building of tribal people. It includes the following initiatives:
Sensitization: Sensitization is essential for capacity building of tribal people. TRIFED is working in this direction.
Self Help Groups (SHGs): TRIFED forms self help groups and trains them for specific activities.
Marketing Possibilities: TRIFED explores marketing possibilities in national and international markets to create sustainable marketing opportunities for tribal products.
Brand Building: TRIFED strives to create a brand for tribal products to enhance their identity and value.
Retail Marketing
TRIFED has undertaken retail marketing of tribal products under the brand TRIBES INDIA. The organization promotes tribal products through retail outlets, exhibitions, international fairs and e-marketing.
Sustainable Markets
TRIFED undertakes various activities to create sustainable markets, such as:
Retail Outlets: TRIFED has opened retail outlets at various locations, where tribal products are sold.
Exhibitions: TRIFED organises various exhibitions, such as Adishilp, AdiChitra, and OCTAVE, where tribal products are showcased.
International Fairs: TRIFED promotes tribal products by participating in international fairs.
E-Marketing: TRIFED has promoted the sale of tribal products through e-marketing, allowing more and more customers to access these products.
Minimum Support Price Scheme
TRIFED has been entrusted with the task of implementing the Minimum Support Price Scheme by the Government of India. This scheme ensures a secure price for tribal products, thereby providing economic security to tribal communities.
Partnerships with TRIFED
TRIFED has partnered with various organisations, such as Reliance Retail, HCL Foundation, and Torajamelo. These partnerships aim to promote tribal entrepreneurship and economic inclusion.
Benefits of Partnership:
Partnership with Reliance Retail: This partnership ensures bulk supply of tribal products, thereby increasing the availability of tribal products.
Capacity Building with HCL Foundation: In collaboration with HCL Foundation, TRIFED conducts skill development and training programs for tribal communities.
International Marketing with Torajamelo: In collaboration with Torajamelo, TRIFED develops international marketing and sales channels, thereby giving tribal products recognition in the global market.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: TRIFED is governed under which Act?
Ans: TRIFED was established under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984.
Q2: What is the main objective of TRIFED?
Ans: Socio-economic development of tribal communities through marketing development of tribal products.
Q3: Where is the headquarter of TRIFED?
Ans: The headquarter of TRIFED is in New Delhi, Delhi.
Conclusion
TRIFED’s initiatives and partnerships have had a positive impact on tribal communities. The organization not only plays a vital role in marketing tribal products but also contributes to the socio-economic development of tribal communities. TRIFED’s efforts have enabled tribal people to market their products in a better way, thereby improving their economic condition.
This work of TRIFED is not only beneficial for the tribal communities but it also helps in preserving the cultural heritage of India. By promoting tribal arts and crafts, TRIFED is moving towards a sustainable and prosperous future.
12. The SWAYATT Initiative
SWAYATT initiative is a flagship scheme of the Government of India, aimed at encouraging women and youth to participate in government procurement. The initiative was launched on February 19, 2019 and its main objective is to promote the participation of women-led enterprises and youth. The SWAYATT initiative is based on the principle of social inclusion of Government e-Marketplace (GeM), an online platform for government procurement.
About SWAYATT Initiative
Establishment: The SWAYATT initiative was established on February 19, 2019. The initiative provides a platform for women and youth to participate in government procurement, allowing them to present their products and services to government departments.
Objectives: The main objective of the SWAYATT initiative is to promote the participation of women-led enterprises and youth in government procurement. The initiative focuses on the following objectives:
Participation of Women and Youth: SWAYATT aims to actively involve women and youth in government procurement.
Social Inclusion: The initiative is based on GeM’s principle of social inclusion, which provides an opportunity to people from all sections to participate in government procurement.
Direct Linkage to Market: SWAYATT aims to directly link startups, women entrepreneurs, micro and small enterprises (MSEs), self-help groups (SHGs) and youth especially from backward classes to the market.
Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries of the SWAYATT initiative include:
Startups: New enterprises that are willing to participate in government procurement.
Women Entrepreneurs: Women who wish to participate in government procurement to boost their business.
Micro and Small Enterprises: Small businesses that want an opportunity to sell their products through government procurement.
Self-Help Groups (SHGs): Groups that work collectively and are willing to participate in government procurement.
Youth: Youth especially from backward classes who wish to take advantage of government procurement to set up their enterprises.
Implementation of SWAYATT Initiative
Training and Onboarding: An important part of the SWAYATT initiative is to facilitate training and onboarding of last-mile vendors. The initiative provides vendors with the necessary skills and knowledge to successfully participate in government procurement.
Training Programs: SWAYATT organizes various training programs in which vendors are given information about the process of government procurement, required documentation, and marketing techniques.
Onboarding Process: Sellers are helped to register on the GeM platform and list their products.
Development of Women Entrepreneurship
The SWAYATT initiative runs several programs to develop women entrepreneurship. The initiative encourages women to grow their businesses and participate in government procurement.
Special Programs for Women Entrepreneurs: SWAYATT organizes special programs for women entrepreneurs in which they are provided with the necessary information and skills to market their products.
Networking opportunities: Women are provided with networking opportunities with other entrepreneurs, allowing them to share their experiences and learn from each other.
Key facts about Government e-Marketplace (GeM)
Establishment: Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is an online market platform, established in 2016. It aims to facilitate the procurement of goods and services by government ministries, departments, and public sector undertakings (PSUs).
National Procurement Portal: GeM is envisaged as the national procurement portal of India. The platform is designed to make the process of government procurement simple and transparent.
Development: The GeM portal has been developed by the Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It has received technical support from the National e-Governance Division (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology).
Paperless and Cashless: GeM is a completely paperless, cashless and system-driven e-marketplace. It enables procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface. This speeds up the process of government procurement and increases transparency.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about SWAYATT Initiative
Q1: What is SWAYATT Initiative?
Ans: SWAYATT is a government initiative that promotes startups, women and youth through transactions on the Government e-Marketplace (GeM). This initiative encourages them to participate in government procurement.
Q2: What is Self Help Group?
Ans: Self Help Groups (SHGs) are groups of individuals who come together to address a common issue or situation. These groups work collectively and strive for the economic and social development of their members.
Conclusion
The SWAYATT initiative is an important step to promote participation in government procurement for women and youth. This initiative not only provides them with an opportunity to join government procurement but also develops their entrepreneurship skills. Through the GeM platform, the SWAYATT initiative has made the process of government procurement simple and transparent, providing equal opportunities to people from all sections.
Through this initiative, the Government of India has taken an important step towards empowering women and youth. Through this SWAYATT initiative, we can move towards creating an inclusive and equal opportunity society.
Thus, the SWAYATT initiative not only promotes participation in government procurement, but it also provides a new direction and opportunity for women and youth. This initiative is making a significant contribution to India’s development and its positive impacts need to be taken forward.
13. Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in Kerala have started an indefinite agitation for their demands. This agitation has been going on for the last 17 days, in which ASHA workers are protesting in front of the government secretariat. They allege that the state government is trying to suppress their rights. In this article we will discuss the status of ASHA workers, their demands, and the background behind this agitation.
About ASHA workers
ASHA: Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a trained female community health worker who works to raise awareness of local health services and increase the use of health services.
Establishment by NHRM: The ASHA program was established by the Indian National Rural Health Mission (NHRM) with the aim of increasing public health awareness among the rural population.
Objective
Use of health services: The main objective of ASHA workers is to increase the use of health services in the local community and strengthen the community’s connection with the health system.
Selection Process
Selection from the Community: ASHA workers are selected from the community, and are trained to work with the health system.
Status in the State: ASHA scheme is applicable in all States/UTs (except Goa).
Functions of ASHA Workers
Community Level Care
Access to Health Services: ASHA workers facilitate access to health services, medicines and hygiene services at the community level.
Health Awareness
Awareness among Marginalised Sections: They raise awareness of health issues among marginalised sections of the community.
Women Health and Hygiene
Advocacy for Women Health: ASHA workers advocate for women health and hygiene standards.
Health-Conscious Behaviour
Promoting Health-Conscious Behaviour: They promote health-conscious behaviour and livelihood attitudes.
Agitation of ASHA Workers
Background of the Agitation
Indefinite Agitation: ASHA workers have been staging an indefinite agitation in front of the Government Secretariat for the last 17 days. Demands
Increase in monthly salary: ASHA workers are demanding that their monthly salary be increased to ₹21,000.
Retirement benefits: They are also demanding a retirement benefit of ₹5 lakh.
Other basic benefits: Apart from this, they are also demanding other basic benefits, which are necessary for their work.
Numbers
Number of ASHA workers in Kerala: There are around 26,000 ASHA workers in Kerala, who play a vital role in healthcare services.
Government response
Criticism of the movement: CPM leaders have criticised the movement of ASHA workers and called it “unorganised”.
Government neglect: ASHA workers allege that the government is ignoring their demands and attempting to suppress the movement.
Responses in support of the movement
Support: Various social activists and organisations have supported the movement of ASHA workers.
Social media: Awareness about this movement is also being raised on social media, in which people are raising their voice in support of the rights of ASHA workers.
Pressure from opposition parties: Opposition parties have tried to put pressure on the government by raising this issue, so that the demands of ASHA workers can be given priority.
Importance of ASHA workers.
Improving community health: ASHA workers play an important role in improving health services and increasing health awareness in the community.
Role in society
Awareness of health services: ASHA workers play an important role in increasing awareness about health services in the society, which helps people to avail health services.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: When did the movement of ASHA workers start?
Ans: The movement of ASHA workers has been going on for the last 17 days.
Q2: What are the main demands of ASHA workers?
Ans: Their main demands include increase in monthly salary, retirement benefits and other basic benefits.
Q3: What is the number of ASHA workers in Kerala?
Ans: The number of ASHA workers in Kerala is around 26,000.
Q4: How has the government responded to the movement?
Ans: CPM leaders have criticized the movement and called it “unorganized”.
Q5: What will be the impact of this movement on the society?
Ans: If the demands of ASHA workers are not met, it may lead to reduction in health services and affect the level of awareness in the society.
Conclusion
Improving health services: The movement of ASHA workers is important for improving health services and protecting their rights.
Government’s responsibility: If the government does not pay attention to their demands, the movement may intensify, which may have a negative impact on health services.
Status of health services: The movement of ASHA workers is not only for their rights but it also highlights the condition of health services in the society.
14. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is a tariff imposed by the European Union on carbon-intensive products. It aims to put a fair price on products that enter the EU and which have high carbon emissions during their production.
Objective
Preventing carbon leaks: The main objective of CBAM is to prevent carbon leaks, shifting the production of products to other countries where the carbon cost is low or zero .
Encouraging clean production: It also seeks to encourage clean industrial production in non-EU countries.
Equivalence with local production
Balancing carbon price: CBAM will ensure that the carbon price of imported goods is equal to the carbon price of domestic production, so as not to undermine the EU’s climate goals.
Definition of imports
Category of imports: CBAM covers all types of imports, including goods ordered online and gifts.
Compatibility with WTO rules
Compatibility: CBAM is designed to be compatible with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, so that it does not hinder international trade.
Certificate requirement
Carbon certificates: If CBAM is implemented, EU importers will be required to purchase carbon certificates that are equivalent to the carbon price paid for local production.
Price of certificates
Auction price: The price of certificates will be determined according to auction prices in the EU carbon credit market.
Number of certificates
Required certificates: The number of required certificates will be defined each year according to the volume of imported goods and their underlying emissions.
Declaration of emissions
Reporting of emissions: EU importers will declare the emissions underlying their imports and hand over the corresponding number of certificates each year.
Proof of carbon price
Exemption procedure: If importers can prove that a carbon price has already been paid during the production of imported goods, the corresponding amount can be deducted.
Exemption for countries with a similar carbon price
Exemption: Countries that have a domestic carbon pricing system equivalent to the EU will be able to export to the EU without purchasing CBAM certificates.
Implementation Timeline
Applicable from 2026: CBAM will come into force in its definitive regime from 2026, while the current transitional phase will run from 2023 to 2025.
Transitional Phase
Commencement: The transitional phase of CBAM has begun from 1 October 2023.
Reporting Obligations
Reporting: Only reporting obligations arise during the transitional period, and financial obligations apply from 2026.
Coverage of Specific Products: CBAM will initially cover specific products in some of the most carbon-intensive sectors, such as iron and steel, cement, fertilizers, aluminum, electricity, and hydrogen.
India’s Concerns
Impact on Developing Countries: India has expressed its concerns regarding CBAM, including potential economic implications for developing countries.
Commercial Linkages
Impact on Exports: The impact of CBAM on India’s exports and potential disruptions to its commercial linkages.
Impact on local industry
Assessment of industries: Assessment of the impact of CBAM on Indian industries and the measures required for the same.
Future direction
Long term evaluation: A long term evaluation of the impacts of CBAM is necessary, so that challenges arising during its implementation can be addressed. This will be important to develop strategies, which can strengthen the trade relationship between India and the EU.
FAQs
Q1: Which countries are against CBAM?
Ans: The BASIC nations—Brazil, South Africa, India, and China—are thought to be CBAM’s main opponents.
Q2: What are the products affected by CBAM?
Ans: At the present time, CBAM is applicable to iron, steel, fertilizer, cement, electricity, aluminum and hydrogen.
Q3: Is CBAM a tariff?
Ans: It is a duty or tariff imposed on imported goods based on the greenhouse gases emitted during their production.
Conclusion
Dialogue between EU and India
Need for dialogue: India’s concerns need to be addressed by the EU, so that a positive cooperation can be established between the two sides.
Possibilities for positive cooperation: There are possibilities of positive cooperation during the implementation of CBAM, which will benefit both sides.
